![]() 1 The fighting Cholitas are indigenous female professional wrestlers who enter the ring wearing multi (.)Ĥ While the WWE is certainly the mainstay of global professional wrestling, professional wrestling as a ‘spectacle of excess’ (Barthes: 1957 2005) has nestled in five major countries that, taken together, are a force in their own right which are home to hundreds of independent professional wrestling federations. ![]() Total revenues from live events for 2011 was US$104.7 million (2011,WWE annual Report, pg 4). In North America (USA and Canada), 241 live events attracted 1,500,000 fans with an average ticket price of US$42.11. Corporate.) The year previously, the WWE produced 80 live events internationally reaching almost 500,000 fans with an average ticket price of US$68.74. Professional Wrestling as a Culturally Embedded Spectacleģ During the summer months of 2012 (July, August and September), the WWE held 70 live events in the USA/Canada region and seven internationally and were viewed by 450,000 fans (WWE. However, locating professional wrestling within the conceptual framework of culturally embedded spectacles is my personal effort to understand professional wrestling as a unique global phenomenon. ‘Culturally embedded spectacle’ is the unique conceptual framework developed for this paper to explain the longevity of professional wrestling in these five locations and includes the following factors: a continuous history of professional wrestling, national television exposure during the Old School era highlighting larger-than-life characters playing the face, an extensive group of independent professional wrestling federations and commemorative cultural experiences for young and old fans.Ģ Granted, there may be other aspects not included here. While boasting fans in several countries from across the globe, today, professional wrestling maintains a lasting presence in five territories - USA, Canada, United Kingdom, Japan and Mexico. 1 This paper addresses a succession of complicated issues surrounding the cross-cultural popularity of professional wrestling.
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